The History of Country Music :: essays research papers

Country music was brought over by the first European settlers. In medieval times, storytelling was a tradition that allowed memoir to be recorded when few were able to read and write. When the first British settlers came to America, they brought this tradition with them, along with songs that they had learned in Europe. The people who settled the Appalachian Mountains and the western hemisphere did not have an easy life and their music gave them an outlet to express their hardships.When country music bean in America, there were no professional musicians. The normal musician sang only to entertain himself, his family, or at local events. At first, most country music was sung unaided or play on a lone fiddle or banjo. At the turn of the century, Sears, Roebuck & Co. began advertising affordable guitars in its nationally available catalogs, as well as sheet music and songbooks. The mandolin also became available and soon string bands were being formed with different combinations of i nstruments. As vaudeville grew in the early 1900s, it was mainly composed of northern performers. However, their example showed southern performers that one could make music playing in public. This realization spawned the first generation of hillbilly performers. The term hillbilly was popularized in the 1920s after a musician by the name of Al Hopkins. He told his producer to name his band whatever he liked because they were clean a bunch of hillbillys from North Carolina and Virginia. As the popularity of the phonograph grew, people across the countrybegan to buy their through the mail. Originally, the music consisted mainly of classical singers and orchestral agreements of sentimental songs. One day in 1922 two Texan fiddlers named Alexander Campbell Eck Robertson and Henry Gilliland traveled from Atlanta to New York City to get their music recorded.

Macbeth - Downfall Of Lady Macbeth :: essays research papers

What do you think brought about the downfall of chick Macbeth?There were several aspects of Shakespeares novel Macbeth that led to the downfall of Lady Macbeth. The mentality of Lady Macbeth in the play changes dramatically from the wife a Noble General, to an evil aggressive murderer (brought upon by the witches predictions), and finally a adult female who had de-graded to such an extent that she took her own life. We are not told an awful amount about Lady Macbeth at the start of the play prior to her letter from Macbeth about the witches prophecies I.iv, just now I thought that Lady Macbeth seemed as good of a wife as any noblemans or officers. We see how a vigorous Lady Macbeth initially in association with the witches predictions, at-tempts to mirror their disturbance of gender in psychological terms by desiring to "unsex" herself in put to carry out such a powerful action murder, otherwise, being impossible for a woman to carry out (no offence or sexism is mean wh en I state this).Lady Macbeth continues to be a frightening and vicious figure as she becomes full of evil thoughts. This is evident by the context in which she states that she would sacrifice the life of her own infant, if it were her wish or order to do so "Have plucked my nipple from his boneless gums And dashed the brains out, had I so sworn As you have done this" I.vii.57-59. So enraged and overpowered by evil, that her purity and innocence (which is part of a woman) had all but depleted, and consequently she also lost her will to control herself and her sanity (sanity-later on in the deterioration of Lady Macbeths character). She came to a point where evil pushed her to certain lengths such as committing the grievous act of regicide killing her loyal and innocent king, king Duncan. At one stage I believed that it was as if she was given the supernatural strength of a warrior or a Knight to commit such an act. Her feminisms had all but been ripped out, being replaced w ith a heart of stone. She could only have acquired such forces when she wished for them via evil forces "Come, you Spirits That hunt down on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me, from the crown (crown-she already pic-tures herself with a crown alofted on her royal

An Economic Approach To Surfing :: essays research papers fc

An Economic Approach to Surfing The following represents a specified depiction of a usual day of surfing for me, in a manner described employ economic terminology. Although there are many definitions of surfing these days, including surfing the internet, surfing departments stores, magazine surfing, etc., we will focus on the meaning of surfing as it was originally intended, defined as The water sport of riding the surf into shore (Websters New World Dictionary, p.739) Using this, I will recount a surf trip a friend and I made to the margin a few years ago, beginning and ending at my home in Valley Center California. The Events I experienced will be depicted using primarily economic concepts. What would seem like ordinary events will be portrayed using an economic microscope of interpretation.It is five A.M. on a scorching Saturday aurora in the summer of 1998, and I am awakened by the unpleasant sound of my alarm clock. Now you may be wondering why I am crazy enough to wake up this early on a Saturday, but for the dedicated surfer it is a necessity that one moldiness take in order to maximize utility. Utility is defined as A measure of the satisfaction, happiness, or benefit that results from the consumption of a broad(a) (Arnold, p. 849). The good in this case being surfing, and in order for me to be fully satisfied, receive happiness, and benefit optimally from this good, I must awake early. By awaking at five A.M., I can prepare for surfing without other members of my family inhibiting me because they will all be asleep. Everything is quiet and peaceful, and this factor alone allows me to start my day in a sort of positive and spiritual mode. The roads at this time in the morning are virtually empty, which enable me to arrive at the beach in approximately 20 minutes as opposed to 35 minutes during regular hours. The main concept explaining this circumstance has to do with supply and demand. At five A.M. the amount of traffic in relation to spaces av ailable on streets and freeways is relatively small. At eight A.M. however, the amount of traffic in relation to spaces available on streets and freeways is relatively large, often causing extremely congested circumstances. Granted, my surf trip is on a Saturday, and most people have the weekend forward from work, but the same economic concept applies on the weekend as it does during the week, but not as drastically.

The Turkish Pogrom of 1955 and the Elimination of the Greek Minority of

This work is trying to investigate the Turkish Pogrom of September 6-7, 1955 and its impact on the Greek minority of Istanbul. I emphasized the case theme approach, because I was focusing on a particular ethnic minority. The methodology that applied for this study had been chosen in order to obtain information nigh the economic and social ramifications of the events of September 6-7, 1955 on the Greek minority of Istanbul and the role of the Turkish Government and the Turkish Intelligence Service in planning, organizing and carrying out the Pogrom. For the eradicate of my research, and in order to achieve the objectives the data was collected from primary and secondary sources. I used descriptive statistics in order to determine the effect of death in economic and social life of the Greek minority. Also, I cited some testimonies and interviews from people who lived with these events. This research shows the enormous economic and social ramifications of the Turkish pogrom on the Greek minority of Istanbul and the Ecumenical Patriarchate. At the same time, illustrates the Turkish policy of compensation for the victims of Pogrom that marked the end of the existence of the Greek Orthodox community in Istanbul and its migration in Greece and abroad. Finally, this work demonstrates that the Turkish elites and the Turkish Intelligence Service in cooperation with the police, the Turkish Press and the nationalist organizations were responsible for planning, organizing and carrying the Pogrom. Introduction The incidents of September 1955 have not been subject to strict political analysis in both Greece and Turkey. The aim of this work is to integrate the Turkish Pogrom of 6-7 September 1955 and the destruction of the Greek mino... ...ion testimonies and interviews from people who lived through these events. At the same time, I am going to analyze the Turkish policy of compensation for the victims of Pogrom and the response of the Greek Government. This is an extre mely important issue out-of-pocket to the fact that marked the end of the existence of the Greek Orthodox community in Istanbul and the beginning of its repatriation in Greece also its migration to other countries in the world. Finally, in the blend part I am going to investigate the role of the Turkish Government and the Turkish Intelligence Service (MIT) in planning, organizing and carrying out the Pogrom, in cooperation with the police, the Turkish Press and the nationalist organizations. Although it is important to understand the historical significance of this event will use this narrative to support the political significance of the event.

My Life, My Emotions Essay -- Essay About Myself

We are who we pretend to be, so we must be careful of who we pretend to be Kurt Vonnegut Theme- a subject of discourse, discussion, meditation, or composition discipline (Dictionary.com). A theme is something that makes up a huge, important part of a history it gives the story an identity. A theme holds the story all together, and the theme that holds my story together is Whirlwind of Emotions. My life is full of ups and downs, so there is no one emotion that rules my life. These emotions come at unpredictable times, and I affect everyone around me in a negative or a positive way as a result. There are five major emotions that affect me randomly at times Contemplative, Stressed Out, Ambitious, Maniacal, and Hopefulness, and there are five distinguishable sources that represent each of the emotions in my life and theme.I am a completely different person when I am contemplative. I feel more than enlightened (Couldridge 2014). According to Dictionary.com, contemplative mea ns, thoughtful observation. When I am contemplative, I am more aware of the events going on around me, in a positive way. I feel like I can accomplish anything if I rattling try my best. I usually feel this way when I am at religious services, when I can look inward and feel enlightened. I am at pure peace (Couldridge 2014). I act like a completely different person when Im contemplative Im calmer and able to do a lot more things than if I was stressed out. I get a whole lot of things done quicker, easier, and break dance when I am contemplative. I notice things that I would never see in a rage (Couldridge 2014). I feel, at those points in my life, like I am in control, and not a ticking time bomb that everyone needs to watch their step around. At these mome... ...gs driving me to do dangerous or safe things. My Whirlwind of Emotions theme describes my life, and the five sources also give anyone a better understanding of what they are and how they affect me. Works Cited1.Couldridg e, Lily. Personal Interview. 20 April 20142.Dictionary.com.Dictionary.com Team, 2014. Web. 4 may 2014.3.Dunbar, Brian. July 20, 1969 One Giant Leap for Mankind. NASA. NASA,19 July 2013. Web. 20 April 2014. http//www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11_40th.html.U2a7bDdOUdU4.Frost, Robert. The Road Not Yet Taken. Bartleby.com. N.D. Web. 20 April 2014. http//www.bartleby.com/119/1.html5.Park, Linkin. Breaking the Habit. Meteora. N.D. Song6.Stevenson, Robert Louis. The Strange incident of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Raleigh, NC Alex Catalogue, 1886. Print7.The Purdue OWL. Purdue U Writing Lab, 2010. Web. 4 May 2014.

The runabout car :: essays research papers fc

In the 1920s, the automobile industry was being quickly innovated by companies coming out with new cars, very quickly. In 1901 the new Detroit mill burned down and the only automobile to be rescued from the flames was a blowoline powered runabout, the curved dash Oldsmobile. Also in 1901, there was a discovery of a seemingly inexhaustible supply of oil near Beaumont, Texas. These rich deposits of petroleum made gasoline readily available and gave added impetus to the intimate combustion engine in its competition with steam and electric power. In March, fires destroyed most of the Olds Plant and the only car that was saved was the Curved frighten olds. Olds rebuilt immediately and put all the production resources into the little Curved Dash Olds, the Merry Oldsmobile. A car was envisioned which weighed 500 pounds and could be sold for $500. Actually, when the renowned Curved-Dash Oldsmobile runabout car was finished, it weighed 700 pounds and was sold for $650. Between 1901 and 1904, over 12,000 Oldsmobile cars were built and sold. This was the first volume production car in the world. Speedometers appear first on Oldsmobile. To armed service as an advertisement, a Curved Dash Olds was driven from Detroit to New York. This was the longest automobile trip that had been made in the U.S. until that time. Later, in about 1923, standard equipment include four wheel brakes, foot-controlled headlamp dimmer switches, and power operated windshield wipers. On Feb. 2, "Ethyl" gas was first put on the market. The lowest priced T was the runabout, sell at $265. 1908 October 1, Henry crossway put the first of his Ts on the road. The 4-cylinder, 20-horsepower T was available in two styles. The runabout sold for $825, the touring for $850. During the last three months of 1908, the Ford Motor Company sold 6,000 cars. William C. Durant sold 9,000 Buicks during 1908. The Ford Motor Company greatly outpaced its competitors in reconciling state-of-the-art design wit h moderate price. cycles/second and Automobile Trade Journal called the four-cylinder, fifteen-horsepower, $600 Ford N (1906-1907) "the very first instance of a low-cost motorcar driven by a gas engine having cylinders enough to give the shaft a turning impulse in each shaft turn which was well built and offered in grown numbers." Deluged with orders, Ford installed improved production equipment and after 1906 was able to make deliveries of a hundred cars a day.

Mexican food Essay Essay

Despite the popularity of Taco Bell and Chipotle across the country, many Americans shamt really understand Mexican food. Most people who live in America dont get to see the true hit of food. We have fast food and microwavable food, piece Mexican food is fresh and homemade. Mexican food varies by kingdom, and there are certain ingredients that are employ throughout Mexico. Mexican food has its roots from different countries. Each region in Mexico has its own type of food. Meat dishes are popular in the north, while in the south more dishes with vegetables and chicken are common.Communities along the sea enjoy a lot of seafood dishes using fish like grouper, red snapper, mojarra and snook. Lobster, scream and oysters are abundant. Some Mexican recipes incorporate influences from South America, the Caribbean and Africa. Common foods, such as tacos and tamales, receive a special touch in each region of Mexico.White corn, beans, squash, tomatoes and chiles are the staples that have formed the foundation of Mexican cooking. The Mexican Indians relied on the combination of corn and beans for their protein, and they included small game, birds and fish whenever available. They either simmered or smoked the food. They did not have bread, but invented tortillas made of corn.When the Spainards arrived in Mexico, they brought influences from the Romans wheat, bread, olives and olive oil, the Germanic tribes pork and lard, and the North African Moors sheep, chickens and spices, such as cinnamon and cumin, fruit, rices and nuts. The Mexican Indians incorporated these ingredients into tacos, stews and tamales which we now consider typical Mexican cuisine.Chiles, nonpareil of the most recognizable flavors in Mexican cooking, was originally cultivated in South America. Mexicans preserve to use dozens of varieties of chiles in cooking. Anchiote seeds and paste often season chicken and fish dried and smoke jalapeos give Mexican soups, salsas and sauces a smoking flavor. Mexicans cooking also uses canella (white cinnamon), which has a more delicate flavor than its American counterpart.In conclusion, Mexican food is unique in many ways The food they eat can be exotic but delicious . Most food that they cook is healthy, filling, and is well desired. Different types of food comes from different regions of Mexico. Chiles is one of the most used ingredient of Mexican food. The ingredient can be used as a spice and was originated in Mexico.

Study on the Historical Background of Parental Involvement

Although bring ups and instructors have interacted since crops were foremost formed in the United States, the construct of paternal work has changed over trim ( Cutler, 2000 ) . In the early 19th century, p arnts and the community greatly controlled the actions of the schoolings. The dwelling, church, and school bum uped the same ends for acquisition and for the integrating of the pupil into the grownup community ( Prentice and Houston, 1975 ) . The community, including the elicits and church, were in control of the educational system by engaging instructors, growing the course of study, and turn toing maturity attainments necessary for their environment.In the late nineteenth and early ordinal centuries, a different form of partnerships began. Parental authorization began to decrease and local school control could be seen in the increased authorization of province, county, and territory educational systems. During this clip period the school began to draw off from the co mmunity cognition and towards the educational expertness of the instructors. Up to this clip, it was thought that anyone could learn ( DeMoss, 1998 ) . Rearing was supplemented by counselor and course of study in schools ( Berger, 1991 ) . Throughout this displacement, pupil coursework became enhanced in countries that the get ups and community members did non hold cognition of or a background in. As a consequence, Epstein ( 2001 ) suggested that parents were expected to take on a different role-that of fixing their put ons for school by leaving values, duty, and former(a) normally held work moralss.During the 1960s, educational theoreticians and the federal governance began to back the transition of statute law back uping such plans as Head Start, Home Start, and Follow Through ( Berger, 1991 ) .As schools became larger and more im someoneal, beds of school bureaucratism were added. This made it hard for parents to go involved. The splendour of enlisting parents and community members as spouses in instruction has been on the bespeak since 1965. In the 1990 s, the U.S. Department of training and Secretary of study Richard Riley shined a limelight on school, household, and community partnerships ( Epstein, 2001 ) . Currently, federal Torahs have required school territories to include parents to help in educating the young person of America.The Elementary and Secondary Education exertion ( ESEA ) is a United States federal legislative act enacted on April 11, 1965 as an built-in portion of Lyndon B. Johnson s warfare on Poverty . The passage of the ESEA revolutionized the federal authorities s function in instruction. Prior to the jurisprudence s transition, educational policy-making had been the close repair sphere of province and local authoritiess. The ESEA is the largest individual beginning of federal support for kindergarten through 12th grade instruction. It was the first federal act to apportion capital straight to hapless schools, communiti es, and kids. Although it did non hold a direct connexion with parent and community interest, this federal act led the manner to turn toing the demand for partnerships outdoors of the local school system.The Coleman Report, excessively known as E prize of Educational Opportunity, was a research survey commissioned by the U. S. Department of Education in conformity with the freshly passed Civil Rights process of 1964. Coleman s study uncovered the cause of disparity between Black and White schools in America. The paper utter that public instruction did signifi good dealtly impact the ability of pupils to make their full potency. The Coleman Report besides cited household environment as the significant factor for the palmy academic accomplishment among those kids. James Coleman concluded that kids who lacked support or a value of instruction in their place were at a disadvantage and could non get a line at the same rate as those pupils emerging from wealthier households valuing educational direction ( Coleman, 1966 ) .In 1975, Congress passed Public Law 94-142 ( Education of All Handicapped Children Act ) . In order to have federal financess, provinces must develop and implement policies that assure a free appropriate public instruction to all kids with disablements. In 1990, Public Law 94-142 was renamed to Persons with Disabilities Education Act ( caprice ) . IDEA was reauthorized in 1997. IDEA includes cardinal rules to steer households and professionals to work together to heighten the educational chances for their kids. IDEA requires active parent difference passim the educational procedure, including the development of the kid s Individualized Educational Program ( IEP ) . The overall end of this jurisprudence is to upkeep an equal and respectful partnership between schools and households ( The History of IDEA, 2004 ) . A noteworthy impact on paternal engagement is a consequence of IDEA by promoting parents to recommend for their kid and to supp ly input for the class of their kid s instruction.In the 1980s, the U.S. Department of Education every(prenominal) cunt good as the theme Association of State Boards of Education, along with assorted professional forte associations, took leading functions in developing theoretical accounts of succeederful parent-school coaction plans ( Berger, 1991 ) . By the 1990s, politicians every bit good as parents were progressively demanding answerability from public instruction and both entities encouraged federal statute law to mandate such answerability. Grolnick and Slowiaczek ( 1994 ) maintained that in that respect was an increasing acknowledgment within development, sociological, and educational theories that both the school and place were critical establishments responsible for the socialisation and instruction of kids.The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was reauthorized with the Improving America s Schools Act ( IASA ) of 1994. The focal point of reauthorizing the ESEA was to alter the manner pedagogues deliver direction, promote comprehensive systemic school reform, strengthen answerability, and oust the coordination of resources to better instruction for all kids. The comprehensive school reform in this act was predicated on four cardinal rules ( a ) high criterions for all pupils, ( B ) better trained instructors to learn to high criterions, ( degree Celsius ) flexibleness to excite local enterprise along with duty for consequences, and ( vitamin D ) advancing partnerships among households, communities, and schools ( National Education Goals Panel, 1995 ) .Although advancing partnerships among households, communities, and schools was a ensnareing rule of the reauthorization of ESEA, Congress did non include a formal end focused on parental engagement until it reauthorization in 1994, when chair Bill Clinton signed into jurisprudence the Goals 2000 Educate America Act. This act consisted of eight National Education Goals for the twelvemo nth 2000. Goal 8 provinces By the twelvemonth 2000, every school will advance partnerships that will increase parental engagement and engagement in advancing the social, emotional, and academic growing of kids ( National Education Goals Panel, 1995 ) . frankincense the end of parental engagement had changed from the proviso of inactive functions for parents in the 1980s to one of coaction and partnerships between schools and parents in the 1990s.The 2001 reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act, authorise the No Child Left Behind Act ( NCLB ) , continues a legislative committedness to parental engagement begun in 1965. Cardinal characteristics of the 1988 and 1994 reauthorizations, such as school-parent compacts, parental engagement policies, and the parental engagement support expression, remain predominately unchanged. However, the 2001 reauthorization represents a noteworthy displacement in the expected function of parental engagement in the schools. It i ncludes naked as a jaybird commissariats increasing parental presentment demands, parental choice of educational options, and parental engagement in administration. The new jurisprudence envisions parents non merely as participants, but besides as informed and empowered determination shapers in their kids s instruction ( Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory, 2002 ) .Title I, Section 1118 is entirely devoted to endure engagement. Title I provides the nucleus elements that include many of the other parental engagement commissariats of NCLB. Epstein outlined the four rules characterized by Section 1118 ( 1 ) parental engagement requires multilevel leading, ( 2 ) parental engagement is a constituent of school and schoolroom organisation, ( 3 ) parental engagement recognizes the shared duties of pedagogues and households for kids s acquisition and success in school, and ( 4 ) parent engagement plans must include all households, even those who are non presently involved, non merely the easiest to make ( 2005 ) . The first clip in history of the ESEA, federal jurisprudence contained a definition of parental engagement, which isthe engagement of parents in regular, bipartisan, and meaningful communicating affecting pupil academic acquisition and other school activities including helping their kid s acquisition being actively involved in their kid s instructionat school carrying into action as full spouses in their kid s instruction and being included,as appropriate, in decision-making and on consultative commissions to help in theinstruction of their kid ( NCLB, Section 9101.32, 2002 ) .The NCLB confirms the importance of parent engagement. The declared intent of the NCLB legislative act is to guarantee that all kids have a just, equal, and important chance to obtain a high-quality instruction and range, at a lower limit, proficiency on disputing State academic accomplishment criterions and province academic appraisals ( U.S. Department of Education, 2001 ) .In a 2006, Appleseed initiation study entitled It Takes a Parent, parental involvement elements of the NCLB were examined by a pool of 16 province and local organisations, in 18 school territories in six provinces. There were three decisions which emerged from the survey. First, despite federal authorizations and parental engagement research, school territories, and single schools had non wholly encompassed parental engagement as a principal(a) pupil accomplishment scheme. The Appleseed Foundation ( 2006 ) suggested that this deficiency of widespread parental engagement in schools had been the consequence of several causesThe deficiency of clear and meaningful appraisals by which levelheaded parental engagement policies and plans could be measured.Limited consciousness and preparation on how to affect parents.A conjunct attempt to run into the answerability constituents of NCLB, such as proving and teacher quality, instead than parental engagement ( Appleseed Foundation, 200 6 ) .Second, there was still a demand for bing parental engagement authorizations to be to the full understood, supported, and implemented. The Appleseed study ( 2006 ) recommended that province, territory, and school leading work to implement the Torahs that soon exist. Third, a figure of promising parental engagement patterns and theoretical accounts emerged during the survey. The Appleseed study ( 2006 ) concluded that many parents did non have clear and seasonable information about their kids and their schools that poorness, linguistic communication, and cultural differences are barriers to parental engagement and school leaders do non uniformly value that parental engagement as an answerability scheme.Parental engagement continues to be studied by research workers, pedagogues, and parents who understand that parental engagement is an indispensable component in the success of pupils and schools. advanced accomplishing schools recognize that parents are a necessary constituen t of the educational procedure. Schools and instructors are still being encouraged to travel parental engagement policies, plans, and patterns from the side to the head of their accomplishment scheme ( Appleseed, 2006 ) .Twenty-five old ages ago, Missouri pioneered the construct of assisting parents embrace their of import function as their kid s first and best instructor. Today, Parents as Teachers continues to fit early childhood organisations and professionals with information and tools that are relevant-and widely applicable-to today s parents, households and kids.The Parents as Teachers leading squad and Board of Directors is engaged in a three-year strategic program, which places the organisation as a valued spouse to back up the organisations and professionals who serve households and kids, particularly those most vulnerable.The construct for Parents as Teachers was developed in the 1970s when Missouri pedagogues noted that kids were get downing kindergarten with changing deg rees of school preparedness. Research showed that greater parent engagement is a critical nexus in the kid s development of larning accomplishments, including reading and authorship.Early on childhood professionals suggested that a plan to supply early sensing of developmental holds and wellness issues, and parent instruction to assist parents understand their function in promoting their kid s development from the beginning could assist better school preparedness and parent engagement.With support from the Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education and The Danforth Foundation, Parents as Teachers began in 1981 in Missouri as a pilot undertaking for first-time parents of neonates. Acknowledging the plan s benefits and cost effectivity, the Missouri legislative assembly provided province support in 1985 to implement Parents as Teachers plans in all Missouri school territories. Since 1985, Parents as Teachers has grow to all 50 provinces and seven other states ( Parents as Teachers, 2010 ) .The Parent/Family Involvement Resolution was adopted on November 14, 2005, by the Missouri State Board of Education. deep down the declaration the Missouri State Board of Education believes that schools must make an environment that is contributing to larning and that strong, comprehensive parent/family engagement is an of import constituent. Parent/family engagement in instruction requires a concerted attempt with functions for the Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, school territories, parents/families, and communities ( Missouri Department of Elementary and Secondary Education, 2005 ) .Parental Involvement ResearchThe habitual wisdom is that parental engagement and strong schools are inseparable-that you can non hold on without the other. Research indicates a strong nexus between parental engagement and pupil accomplishment ( Hester, 1989 ) . Harmonizing to Vandergrift and Greene ( 1992 ) , parent engagement has two independent constituents p arents as protagonists and parents as active spouses. Concentrating on one of these constituents entirely is non a sufficient round off to parental engagement. The ideal is the parent who is both supportive and active. Hester ( 1989 ) discusses parental engagement from the following position parents as instructors, parents as protagonists of activities, parents as scholars and parents as advocators. Hester besides emphasizes the importance of communicating with parents as an of import portion of engagement.The research on parental engagement in the field of instruction references parents activities in support of larning at place, in school, and in the community. Joyce Epstein, a taking research worker in the field of parental engagement, identified and studied multiple move of parental engagement ( Epstein, 1995 ) . As a consequence of this research, Epstein and her co-workers developed a expressive stylel of six types of engagement with associated activities, challenges, and ex pected consequences.Rearing Help all households set up place environments to back up kids as pupils.Communication Design effectual signifiers of school-to-home and home-to-school communications about school plans and kids s advancement.Volunteering Recruit and form parent aid and support.Learning At Home Provide information and thoughts to households about how to assist pupils at place with prep and other curriculum-related activities, determinations, and planning.Decision Devising Include parents in school determinations, developing parent leaders and representatives.Collaborating With Community Identify and integrate resources and services from the community to beef up school plans, household patterns, and pupil acquisition and development.There are many grounds for developing school, household and community partnerships. They can better school plans and school clime, provide household services and support and increase parent s accomplishments and leading, connect households with others in the school and in the community and aid instructors with their work. However, the chief ground to make such partnerships is to assist childs win in school and in ulterior life ( Epstein, 1995 ) .The National Parent Teacher Association ( PTA ) Board of Directors ( 1993 ) has endorsed three types of parental engagementParents as the first pedagogues in the place,Parents as spouses with the schools, andParents as advocators for all kids and young person in society.In 1997, the National PTA created and adopted the National Standards for Parent/Family Involvement Programs in support of set uping quality parental engagement plans that enhance pupil acquisition and accomplishment. These criterions were based on Epstein s ( 1987, 1992, 1995 ) theoretical account of parental engagement.As Fan and Chen ( 2001 ) found in their research, rearing manners, as a critical step of parent engagement, have been linked to student public presentation. Fan and Chen examined multiple steps of pa rent engagement. The research workers identified three concepts of parent engagement communicating, supervising, and parental outlooks. Communication refers to parents frequent and systematic treatments with their kids about school assignment. Supervision includes monitoring when pupils extradite place from school and what they do after school, supervising clip spent on prep. Parental outlooks were found to be the most critical of the three. These include the mode and extent to which parents communicate their academic aspirations to their kids. Fan and Chen found that high outlooks of parents and pupil perceptual experiences of those outlooks are associated with enhanced accomplishment.The research grounds is now beyond difference. When schools work together with households to back up acquisition, kids tend to win non merely in school, but throughout life. In fact, the most accurate forecaster of a pupil s accomplishment in school is non income or societal position, but the extent to which that pupil s household is able toMake a place environment that encourages larningExpress high ( but non unrealistic ) outlooks for their kids s accomplishment and future callingsBecome involved in their kids s instruction at school and in the community ( Henderson, 1994 ) .Impact of Parental Involvement on Student AchievementParental engagement is perfectly indispensable to student accomplishment in school and in life. The overpowering surveies and research indicate that there are positive academic results stemming from parental engagement with benefits get downing in early childhood throughout adolescence and beyond ( Henderson & A Mapp, 2002 Patrikakou, Weisberg, Redding & A Walberg, 2005 ) .A kid s acquisition is enhanced when schools encourage parents to excite their kids s rational development. Numerous surveies have shown that the place environment has a powerful consequence on what kids and young person learn, non merely in school but away of school as good. Thi s environment is well more powerful than the parents income and instruction in act uponing what kids learn in the first six old ages of life and during the twelve old ages of prime and secondary instruction. One major ground that parental influence is so strong, is because the kids spend more than ninety per centum of their clip from babyhood throughout their childhood outside school under the influence of their parents. Therefore, finally the parents are their first and most of import instructor ( Weinstein & A Walberg, 1983 Peng & A Wright, 1994 ) .Epstein ( 1987 ) found that schools besides affect parent engagement degrees and grounds shows that parents want to go involved but are non allowed to hold unfastened communicating with the school. Conventional avenues for affecting parents in school can be closed to parents due to specific cultural cognition. Parents have a batch of trouble accommodating to the school civilization particularly in non position speech production co mmunities, but cultural cognition is power and it can forestall parents from take parting to the full.Sheldon ( 2002 ) highlighted minimum resources parents get through societal webs as one ground parents are less involved in their kids s instruction. Eccles and Harold ( 1993 ) found that less educated parents switch their attending off from school because they witness unequal to assist their kids with their prep.Henderson has examined the effects of parental engagement and pupil success since 1981. Her initial study, The Evidence Grows documented 35 surveies that showed important, measureable benefits for kids as a consequence of parental engagement.When parents become involved in the kids s schooling, they promote the development of attitudes that are a cardinal to academic accomplishment, attitudes that promote household interaction instead that its societal category or income. If schools treat parents as powerless or unimportant, or if they discourage parents from going invol ved, they promote the development of attitudes in parents, and accordingly their kids, that inhibit accomplishment ( Henderson, 1981 ) .

How Lennie Is Portrayed in the First Chapter Essay

To begin with, Steinbeck describes Lennies physical features to be very animal-like. He states that he walked the way a bear drags his paws. The use of animal resourcefulness in this quote illustrates an image of a huge man heavily dragging himself, not only suggesting his size plainly likewise suggesting his immense strength. payable to his physicality, he is unable to carry out tasks normal people would be able to do. He is unable to control himself, specifically his strengththus considerably breaking things.Steinbeck emphasizes this as he brings up incidents of Lennie having killed mice and separate small, fragile animals, while petting them. Lennie is also described to have an animals mental state, magnetic dip towards animal instincts rather than human instincts. Steinbeck states hed drink out of a gutter if he was thirsty, displaying Lennies rash behaviour. His urge to satisfy his immediate desire would overpower the need to be cautious and aw ar of his surroundings. M any people think before they act. In Lennies case however, he doesnt think at all as George does it for him.Lennie was snorting into the water like a horse which also proves his uncivilized manner. Furthermore, Lennies animal instincts prevent him from universe able to learn. Like wild animals, he is uncontrollable and unpredictable though he may be trained and taught not to do some things, they are bound to commit the same mistakes over and over again. Steinbeck states that George had hopelessly warned Lennie about the water he was drinking, proving that Georges warnings will not affect Lennie in any way as he is bound to forgethe will never learn.Not only is Lennies mental behaviour similar to an animal, but it is also similar to a child. Lennie is described to be puzzled and thathe giggled happily at some parts of their conversation, showing that he is unaware and immature. He eer forgets everything very easily and doesnt sense the seriousness in some of their conversationsshow ing that his maturity is like of a 6 year-old, who needs constant reminding and explaining of close every matter discussed. Steinbeck states that after Lennie created ripples in the water with his fingers, he said Look George, look what I done.He is easily impressed at the ripples he made and notifies George of his work to make him proud. Lennies child-like character also depicts a father/son relationship between Lennie and George. Earlier in the book, it is stated that Lennies closed hand slowly obeyed after George had commanded Lennie to hand over a dead mouse. The adverb slowly shows that though Lennie was reluctant to follow Georges orders, he had no choice but to obey him. Like an obedient son who must follow his father, Lennie fears Georgethe paternal figureconveying Georges authority over Lennie. reinforcement this, Lennies timid behaviour towards George is constantly portrayed as he is described to be speaking slowly and cautiously to Georgeindicating Lennies high train of respect for George. As a son would look up to his father, Lennie also sees George as his portion model and a leader. Steinbeck portrays Lennie as submissivegiving him the role of the follower between the two main characters. Lennie is said to have imitated George exactly proving that he sees George as a role model. He imitates George, depicting his respect for him. Lennie also prioritizes him and whatever he says.This is seen when he tries to recall a memory from the past saying, and you saysyou says. It is conveyed through this quote that he is dependent on George as he determine Georges opinions more than his opinions. Supporting the fact that Lennie is dependent on George, George says, think Id let you carry your own work card? This proves that George is a lot more responsible than Lennie, who constantly forgets things. Steinbeck also states in the beginning of the book that they walked in a single file, conveying that one is the leader and the other is the follower. Their r elationship evidently highlights Georges authority over Lennie.

Creon’s Soliloquy: A Cathartic Ending Essay

A number of scenes in Antigone are equally significant. These include the showd feature between Antigone and Creone, the confrontation between Creon and his son, Haemon, and the death of Haemon, which signifies the fall of Creon. However, there is one scene that cannot be omitted from the play. In fact, it is the scene that e veryone awaits, when the king cries in agony for the large(p) tragedy that happens in his kingdom. This is the final scene showing Creons soliloquy as he reflects upon his ill-doings and his ill fate.The scene is very sensitive. Any actor do it cannot overdo it or underperform because doing so would lead to a different interpretation. Considering that Creon is a king, the actor cannot overdo the performance because it will destroy the characterization that Sophocles establish from the very beginning. Therefore, the actor should act it out with much intense demonstrating the depth of Creons emotional suffering and at the same time with some poise, approximate ly showing the kings apathetic nature.Some may argue that the final scene in the play demonstrates nothing that Creons repentance over the deaths of his loved ones but reading between the lines will give one the perception relating to his apathy towards his wife and the tragedy that happened. His inquiry about his wifes death illustrates his apathetic nature. As he questions the messenger, In what wise was her self-destruction wrought? he shows an example of a hardened man, who can require news about the death of his wife.Similarly, the inquiry he makes could also be due to the confusion he suffers from at the moment. He is taken aback by what happened, thus unable to accept it, he suddenly becomes tongue tied, unable to express his real emotions. This may be the reason why the author chose to fetch up the play in this way, with some degree of silence, unlike other tragic plays or movies where characters scream upon discovering the death of their loved ones.Aside from the confu sion that he experiences, Creon is smooth at the end due to his status in the kingdom. Because of his reputation as a king, he cannot express his agony by screaming or cernuous out loud because he is trying to conceal his shame from all who would scorn at him. In his heart, this arrogant king knows that the tragedy in his own house would cause others to ridicule or laugh at him, especially since he once ignores the prophecy of the wise old man Tiresias, who warns him of his fall forrader it occurs. In this consideration, the scene showing Creons soliloquy must be performed exactly with some blend of temperance and agony to show confusion and pride. condescension the temperance that King Creon shows in his soliloquy, the scene is very important because it signifies Creons purgation of remorsefulness and fear. The scene adheres to Aristotles requirement for catharsis (as mentioned in Matthews) because it shows that despite the beastly and malevolent behavior of Creon, he is still c apable of love, self-reflection, and sorrow. From the beginning till the death of Antigone, Creon is pictured as a fierce and strongs king, which someways dehumanizes the character. However, at the end, as he utters his sorrow for the deaths of his son and wife, the audience realizes that behind this man is a heart that can love, a mind that can plica when his loved ones welfare is at stake.Even though the remorse is expressed only at the end, it is very important and cannot be omitted. Without it, people will not be pleased by the ending, because they have to experience catharsis at the end. Catharsis is achieved by the kings pouring out of emotions, although restrained to the very end. What happens is, as the character feels sorry for his fate, the audience reacts and agrees to his penitence, making them feel the catharsis at the same time.The cathartic ending will not be recognize without the element of music. To make the scene convincing to the audience, it is important to cho ose a dramatic melody, one that suggests requiem not only for the deaths of the mother and son but also due to the fall of the king and his death-like sadness. Also, the scene will not be complete without dimming lights, which slowly vanishes on the part of Creon as the scene ends. encounter CitedStorr, F. Trans. Sophocles Antigone. London Harvard University Press and William Heineman, Ltd, 1912.Matthews, H. Catharsis in Antigone. N.d. 19 May 2009 http//www.bishops.k12.nf.ca/english/lit3201/cathrsis.html.

Bottlenecks in a Process Essay

Bottleneck can slow down production and diminish efficiency. According to Li, Chang, & Ni, (2009) quick and correct identification of the bottleneck locations can plump to an improvement in the operation management of utilizing finite manufacturing resources, increasing the system throughput, and minimizing the total cost of production (p.1). The operation of preparing dinner party will be compendium to find where the bidding has a bottleneck and how to eliminate or reduce the bottleneck time. Identifying the Bottleneck in the ProcessWhen preparing dinner marinating the meat has proven to be a bottleneck for the process. For example steak can require up to 24 hours to be marinated, holding production for 24 hours is a problem. Choosing a different cauterise of meat can reduce the time and can require as little as one hour for the meat to marinate. In the production of preparing dinner an hour is still a bottleneck in the process. Considering it can be one hour to marinate the mea t, then twenty minutes to cook fleck side dishes such as rice will only take about thirty minutes to cook the twain process can not be run parallel on product will be undercook while the other overcook. Data CollectionReviewing the data collected over the stopping point four week in preparing dinner the cycle of the process is longer when meat requiring longer marinating time is used in the preparation of dinner. During week two on the second day the preparation of dinner took sixty minutes. The marinating of the meat prevented the process of the side dish to begin because it would cause the meal to be overcooked. The spot is to schedule the process capacity carefully to ensure the bottleneck is eliminate or reduce. One step taken to reduce the bottleneck time to sacrifice long-term decision regarding the process and have the meat marinates overnight. Avoiding last minute decision increases the efficiently in the process time.Conclusion According to Kamauff, (2010) bottleneck-p oint in a process where the flow slows and work-in-process accumulates because of a difference between capacity of one process and the demand of the next(p.32). Identifying the bottleneck can help plan the process much efficient to reduce the waste of resource such as time. Preparing dinner can be time consuming but with long-term provision and decision making improvements can be made to the process to reduce time. The extra time can be utilize do spend more time with the family reviewing the day.

Osim International

Contents 1. Introduction to Osim International4 2. Competitive Strategy4 3. society grade range of mountains4 3. 1Innovation5 3. 2Operations caution5 4. Non- pecuniary analysis5 4. 1Corporate Social Responsibility5 4. 2Consumer Sentiments6 4. 3Corporate Culture6 4. 4Customer Retention and Growth6 5. Global outlook7 6. Industry outlook of healthy life style harvest-times7 7. simile between Osim and its competitors8 8. Osim Financials8 8. 1Companys Financial Ratios8 8. 2Market Prospects9 8. 2. 1Osim on its own9 8. 2. 2Osim vs. Selected peers (VGO, Best World, Ogawa, Jacks)9 8. 2. 3Osim vs. STI10 8. 3Projected Performance10 9. Conclusion11 accompaniment A12 auxiliary B16 Appendix C19 Appendix D24 Appendix E25 Appendix F26 ? 1. Introduction to Osim International Osim International Ltd. (Osim) is a Singapore listed company a globose leader in the healthy lifestyle products manufacture. It has been led since its inception by CEO Ron Sim, the companys value driver, instrumental in bringing Osim to where it is today, greatly influencing its vision, mission and values with his personal touch. The company has expanded to more than 1,100 stores in more than 30 countries worldwide. Within the following(a) 3 to 5 years, they plan to open over 50 outlets and further expand their subsidiaries, GNC and RichLife. . Competitive Strategy In view of the current economic situation, Osim seeks to cautiously and optimistically focus on building payability, demonstrable EBITDA and operating cash flow . Even though they have exceeded sales expectations so far this year, this whitethorn be challenging given that they operate in a niche market easily affected by consumer sentiment and other global events. Osim feels a voiceless balance sheet is integral to meeting this convey, achievable through enhanced operational efficiency and outlets being leaner and more effective in sales. With Brand Osim, they desire an image that is one with (the) healthy lifestyle .This demonstr ates their aspiration to not only be the market leader, but to also be the denounce with the best recall and association. Furthermore, Osim adopts a two-pronged approach of innovation and growth creating demand through innovation and development to support the anticipated US market recuperation and the Chinese markets elaborateness. There is also focus on their closely important resource, employees training and empowering talents with emphasis on corporate culture alignment. 3. Company value chain Osims value chain involves two main processes Innovation and Operations Management. . 1Innovation Research and development (R&D) is a process given much emphasis as Osim strives to release new and relevant products to create demand and to keep a technological edge above its competition, resulting in products such as the iDesire and iMedic amongst others. This has won consumers and its efforts were rewarded in 2008, voted as Asias most preferred mark off for massage chairs . This is al so inculcated in their brand image with their desire to include intelligent innovation . 3. 2Operations Management Operations management includes Osims manufacturing and retail arms.Upon subjecting raw material to their respective manufacturing processes, Osim creates a product that it believes will add value for consumers and entice them to pay a premium to obtain their desired lineament of life. Its retail arm works with an aggressive market department to promote their products. Whilst costs are high, the perceived product value added is proportionately high. 4. Non-financial analysis 4. 1Corporate Social Responsibility Osim aims to encourage a positive attitude towards healthy lifestyles. Osim Triathlons in various Asian countries , and the Osim Singapore know are some sporting events it has sponsored.While Osim promotes itself as a lifestyle brand, for example, through the promotion of the uSqueez leg massager which appeals to triathletes, they have also donated to the Childr ens Cancer insane asylum and supported an endowment fund with the NUS Business School . Osim has also demonstrated accountability to society by recalling its products twice . The urgency to recall defective products has saluten Osims commitment to civic responsibility. However, the recall affected Osims reputation as customers were put through the hassle of claiming damages.Despite this, Osims branding remains strong and is still one of the worlds most reliable providers in its industry. Accountability to investors was also demonstrated when they came in runners-up in the Most Transparent Company Award (Commerce) in SIAS Investors Choice Award. 4. 2Consumer Sentiments In a 2008 survey by Synovate , Osim attained the No. 1 Healthy Lifestyle Products Brand in consumers minds crossways Asia. The findings show Osims strong Asian customer base and affirms its effective branding as a leading provider of innovative products with design and quality, performance, and synthetic rubber sta ndards.Furthermore, massage chair sales in China has maintained good growth with easy-to-buy payment schemes. 4. 3Corporate Culture A strong corporate culture inculcating positive thinking has been used as a tool to survive market movements. This tool is behind the entrance of new innovations and the extension of Osims reach into the global market. Besides this, substantial sellholdings by key management ensures management goals are correctly aligned with that of parcelholders . 4. 4Customer Retention and Growth In 2005, Osim was rated by Nielsen Consumers as the itemize one brand in seven attributes .Osim is also a member of Superbrands . To date, higher end products are made in Japan, a country acknowledge for its quality and precision . Mid-tier to lower end products are manufactured in China to reduce costs. Although manufactured in China, Osim ensures reliability and quality of these products. The market share gained from the provision of quality products has been shown in the same Synovate survey as mentioned above. Osim has also invested heavily in marketing, often publishing its advertisements in various media to increase its brand presence.These include centrespreads in major newspapers as well as television commercials, reigning in celebrities such as S. H. E and Fiona Xie. This fortifies their brands credibility, with the aim of converting new customers and retaining current ones. In a way, they have already created a strong and secure customer base and exclusive attention can be placed on gaining additional market share within the region and globally. 5. Global outlook Since the global recession, the market has rebounded with the STI currently trading around 2,600 points, a level last seen a year ago .We are currently believed to be in the accumulation phase , with economic growth judge in the coming years. Global markets have stabilized while key export markets such as the US and Europe remain fairly weak . A rapid retrieval is in line for As ian economies, but continued soft private demand means that fiscal and monetary measures must be sustained to ensure continued growth. 6. Industry outlook of healthy lifestyle products Osims business efforts are concentrated on an increasingly affluent Asia , particularly in countries like Singapore and China, where there is greater focus on lifestyle and well-being.Health is a greater concern as busier schedules reduce habit time. As Asias aging population finds new ways to improve their living standards, more may turn to increasingly relevant healthcare products. However, the lifestyle industry is most vulnerable to fluctuations in business cycles. With the downturn, spending is either decreased or cheaper alternatives are sought. 7. Comparison between Osim and its competitors Osims main competitors in the health-food industry provide competition to its subsidiary, Global Active Limited.Its main recognized competitors in the massage products markets include OGAWA, OTO Bodycare a nd Panasonic. Osim thus relies heavily on innovation, aggressive marketing and quality to distinguish its products from its competitors, leveraging on the fact that consumer preferences are easily influenced. Another form of competition comes in the form of imitations and inexpensive Chinese products that separately devalue Osims brand and provide viable substitutes. This forces Osim to differentiate itself as a premium product and introduce a secondary brand, NOVO, to woo consumers with its affordability.With the expected future growth in the healthy lifestyle products industry and Osims stronghold on its base consumer markets, we expect Osim to continue outperforming its competitors, especially in its sum business function. 8. Osim Financials 8. 1Companys Financial Ratios Osims profitability ratios have been weakening over the last 5 years, with sharp declines from 2006 onwards. Profit margins dropped from the healthy region of 9% to 0. 6% in 2007 and finally into the negative i n 2008. Other returns ratios like ROA and hard roe have also dropped significantly from 2005 onwards.Osims sales fell from a high of S$623million in 2006 to S$457million in 2008. The low profitability ratios suggest that the company is not effectively utilizing its assets and shareholder investments to generate sales and profit, which is a cause for concern for potential investors. Its dwindling sales and profitability can be attributed to fierce competition from imitations, as mentioned above. Also, Osim spent S$149million to acquire 55% of Brookstone Inc. in 2005, which did not work out well, as Brookstones losses dragged down Osims profitability from 2006 onwards.Osims liquidity ratios, despite the poor financial performances in the aside few years, have remained relatively stable. Current ratio has stayed consistently above 1, bar 2007, which implies that the Group is able to meet its short circumstance liabilities with its short term assets. Interest coverage has been falling sharply, primarily due to the fall in operating profits. In order to continue its repayment of wager charges, profits have to improve. 8. 2Market Prospects 8. 2. 1Osim on its own Generally, share prices have been on a strong downward trend since 2006, with MACD crossing below zero for most of the period.Osims share price plunged 98% from a high of S$2. 06 in 2006 to a low of S$0. 05 in the start of 2009 before show signs of recovery, rising from below S$0. 10 to the young stability of around S$0. 45, an increase of more than 400% during the period from March to September 2009. The late bullish trend has also been reflected in the strong divergence of the MACD over zero. 8. 2. 2Osim vs. Selected peers (VGO, Best World, Ogawa, Jacks) During the last 5 years, Osim fared poorly compared to its industry peers.It was the worst performing line of work out of the 5 selected companies over the period from 1Q07 to 1Q09. However, focusing our attention on more recent developments, Osims share price has been outdoing that of its competitors significantly, due to its strong recovery since 1Q09. Osims stock has risen at a higher rate, and been the best performing in terms of absolute value. Another interesting factor is the recent significant increase in insider trading, with senior management aggressively purchasing the company stock and subscribing to excess shares through the companys rights issue .in concert with the hints of recovery from recent financial figures, the purchase of shares by Osims management and confidence shown in the company might just be the confirmatory channelize of their turnaround in fortunes. 8. 2. 3Osim vs. STI On a 5-year basis, comparing the performance of Osims share price against the STI, we observe that generally, it has been underperforming relative to the STI. The period between mid-2005 and early 2007, which coincided with Osims best financial performance, saw the company outperforming the market.Since 1Q07, it has been underperfo rming by a large margin until the recent superior performance relative to the STI starting from April 2009. 8. 3Projected Performance sagacity from the 9 month 2009 figures, sales appear to continue sluggishly and we estimate the total sales for 2009 to be inferior to that of 2008. However, EBITDA has increased by 16% as compared to the same period last year. Having fully written down the investment in Brookstone, future losses need not be accounted for, and Osims profit before tax is expected to improve to around S$33million for 2009, a marked improvement from 2007 and 2008.Projected profitability ratios also suggest signs of recovery with ROA and roe estimated to be around 9. 02% and 21. 36% respectively. Liquidity ratios for the Group remain healthy as well, as at 30 Sept 2009. Post restructuring, Osim has emerged leaner, significantly piercing down expenses over the past 2 years. Hence, if sales pick up in the future, we should see a return of the high profit margins realized in the past. Osims current Net Asset Value (NAV) per share is S$0. 14. Compared against the average share price of around S$0. 45 over the past 2 months, the Price-to-book ratio is about 3. times, implying that the stock may be overvalued. However, the general price-to-book ratio for an average company is 7 times , showing that Osims share price may still rise in the future. 9. Conclusion With Ron Sim at the helm and the alignment of the senior management with company objectives, Osim stands poised to achieve its goals in the short term with its aggressive marketing and focus on a strong balance sheet during this time of economic uncertainty. They have earned the sureness of consumers through the provision of quality products and good corporate governance.While they have effectively lowered costs, revenue remains sluggish. They plan to improve this through expansion in emerging markets as well as to take advantage of Brookstones strategic positioning in American markets. Whilst ha ving derived ways to compete effectively, and with the industry expected to grow, private consumption will still be depressed amidst this period of economic recovery due to a lag effect. Defining a medium to long term as between two to five years, we thus projected that Osim, on its own will continue to be paying as a going concern.While we recognise that outside the industry, there are many superior alternatives that have the potential to generate far recrudesce returns, which is beyond the scope of this report, we recommend that with regards to an investment solely in Osim or in the Healthy Lifestyle Products industry, Osim is clearly the worthwhile choice to invest in. Appendix A Profitability Ratios 20082007200620052004 Profit permissiveness (%)-21. 780. 65. 429. 299. 2 ROA (%)-46. 580. 868. 0510. 214. 6 ROE (%)-141. 921. 9619. 8728. 9726. 16 Cash Flow/Operating Revenue (%)-17. 984. 957. 8911. 812. 6 Profit Margin (%)-21. 780. 65. 429. 299. Profitability ratios measure the re turn earned on a companys capital and the financial cushion relative to each dollar of sales. Osims low profitability ratios in recent years are a cause for concern. However, much can be attributed to the economic crisis and the write-off of Brookstone in 2008. Liquidity Ratios 20082007200620052004 Current Ratio1. 090. 951. 021. 111. 87 apace Ratio0. 480. 450. 450. 671. 38 Interest Coverage-19. 052. 067. 751750. 95 Current Ratio1. 090. 951. 021. 111. 87 Generally, despite the poor performance posted in 2007 and 2008, Osims Liquidity Ratios remained relatively stable.This implies that there are no issues regarding the solvency of the company and resources are available to meet its obligations. 20082007200620052004 P/E Ratio (%)n. a. 103. 6422. 415. 2912. 48 Dividend Payout Ratio (%)0219. 4332. 2315. 3415. 39 P/E ratio is an indicator of perceived value of a stock. Osims unusually high P/E ratio in 2007 is due to the low EPS resulting from the poor performance posted in that year. Os im has been consistently paying out dividends until 2008. Hence, should performance improves in future, investors should expect to receive dividend payouts. Appendix B Projected Performance -Month Key FinancialsEstimated Figures for 2009 Sales335. 9450 EBITDA33. 845 Profit before Tax24. 533 Net profit16. 121 undecomposed year figures for 2009 determined based on pro-rating 9-month figures to get conservative estimates. (in $millions)9mth 20099mth 2008% change2009 Estimated20082007200620052004 Sales335. 9346. 2-2. 98%450456. 7523. 7622. 9502. 5332. 2 EBITDA33. 829. 116%453935. 476. 754. 545. 4 Profit before Tax24. 5-19. 5225. 64%33-92. 25. 443. 651. 435. 3 Net profit16. 1-26161. 92%21-99. 53. 735. 845. 630. 8 (in $millions)9mth 20099mth 2008% change2009 Estimated20082007200620052004 Sales335. 9346. 2-2. 98%450456. 7523. 7622. 502. 5332. 2 EBITDA33. 829. 116%453935. 476. 754. 545. 4 Estimated Financial Ratios for 2009 (With Balance Sheet as at 30 Sept 2009) Profit Margin (%)4. 67 ROA (%)9. 02 ROE (%)21. 36 Current Ratio at B/S date1. 16 2009 figures suggest Osim is on the road to recovery. Projected Profit before Tax show improvement compared to 2008 and 2007, though not to the extent of 2006s high. Compared to 1st half of 2008, 2009 has shown improvement in EBITDA even though sales continue to be weak. .Charts with Projected 2009 Ratios Appendix C Osim Stock Charts 5-Year 1-Year Comparison against STI 5-Year 1-Year Comparison Competitors 5-Year 1-Year -Year Absolute 1-Year Absolute Appendix D Insider Trades Announcement DateBuyerNumber of Shares (000) 23/2/09Ron Sim2002 13/3/093466 17/3/09953 27/3/0996150 31/3/09200 1/4/09200 6/4/092700 9/4/096500 Subtotal112171 23/2/09Peter Lee320 13/3/09950 31/3/09550 9/10/09270 Subtotal2090 23/2/09Richard Leow300 23/2/09Ong Kian Min1618 24/2/091000 2/4/09752 23/2/09Michael Kan300 2/4/09218 23/2/09Charlie Teo300 27/3/09365 6/4/09100 2/4/09Khor Peng Soon16 Subtotal4969 Total119230 Appendix E ? Appendix F Japans quality in man ufacturing was taken from Fundamentals of Composites Manufacturing Materials, Methods, and Applications by A. Brent Strong

The Audio Engineer

A vital part in the making of either professionally made album is the production and post-production process. These processes are the responsibility of ripe engineers employed by record labels. The engineers are responsible for the arrangement, jumbleing, and get the hang of audio hybridizes. To do this, engineers are trained with confused technologies in the fields of multi track recording, outboard gear and digital/analog workstations.With their knowledge and tools, engineers help the artists convey their art as best as possible not only to themselves but in addition to the demographic they wish to express their art to. The job of the engineer muckle be best described as a presenter in a techno artistic field. The job requires the technical capabilities and instinct to translate the artists ideas into a working production. In order to do this, the engineer must be educated in the Audio Industry with a Bachelors Degree in at least unitary of more Audio Production courses .Associated essay utility Energy Technology Data Center MigrationThe individuals training for this degree must know the fundamentals of proper signal flow, how to work a mixing board, position up mikes, and manipulate outboard equipment that let ins time found and dynamic processors. Once the engineer has taken the proper courses for the specific field and has received their commemorative degrees, they nookie learn more about audio engineering by taking in an internship at a recording studio, music venue, or radio station.A innuendo made by the Audio Engineering Society states that, students should complete and internship or apprenticeship to gain hands-on experience, which will make them more marketable to potential employers (www. aes. org). after(prenominal) receiving the hands on experience from internships, the climb to the top of their field starts and soon they begin to take on more important tasks in the studio, which can include becoming a second engineer or even bec oming the lead engineer.As an engineer, the skills learned through out the course of ones career can trope a high reputation in the industry, which in turn opens a wide cranial orbit of opportunities to experience. The first phase in the production process of any toil is recording. In this phase, the engineer captures one or more sound sources through the use of a wide range microphones and record it directly to one or more of the isolated tracks of a recording system.Through the process of multi track recording however, technologies get down added a degree of flexibility by allowing multiple sound sources to be captured onto and played back from isolated tracks. Some of the many types of technology and supplies engineers use in the recording process include microphones, dynamics and time based processors, equalizers, and personal address systems. Personal address systems are made up of three different components that include speakers, amps, and mixers along with a wide variety of backline equipment.Time found Processors include effects such as echo which is recognizable, repeat of direct sound and reverb which consists of multiple, blended, random echoes. Dynamic based processors deal with compressors that reduce the dynamic range of a signal by making the loud signals softer and the soft signals louder or vice versa a gate, which utilizes a threshold knob, that tells the processor when to start the process by cutting out certain frequency ratios. The microphones for each instrument are selected by experience or by experimentation and are therefore machine-accessible to the longingd console.They then place the microphone in the desired position in order to get the best possible sound without distortion. Once that is processed, the microphone and track selection should be noted onto a track sheet for easy input and track assignment in the studio. After all the assignments and labeling have been applied, the engineer can begin the process of setting lev els for each instrument and mic input by communicating with each musician to play in solo mode or by asking for a complete run through of the song and listening to one input at a time.With the fresh age of pro studios, project studios, and digital audio workstations, engineers have a wide variety of tools and options for different types of productions, causing the approach to the projects to vary in many different ways. According to an interview of noted audio engineer Simon Kasprowicz what makes a good engineer from a bad is totally subjective and depends upon individual desire because what whitethorn sound fantastic to someone, others will find fault in (Kasprowicz, about. com).When all of the tracks of a project have been recorded, assembled, and edited onto the digital audio workstation or tape deck, the next step would be to individually mix the elements of their work in their final edited forms. The mix down process occurs by routing the various tracks of a digital audio wor kstation or tape based recorder through a hardware virtual mixing console to alter the overall sessions program, all which include getting relative level, spatial positioning, using equalizers, and effects. Once these measures are taken care of, the engineer can then set up a rough mix of the song by adjusting evels and the spatial pan positions. The producer who is mostly provides feedback to the artist and the engineer during the session, listens to the mix and may ask the engineer to make specific changes such as amplitude adjustments. Instruments in their isolated tracks are often soloed for equalized changes to be made. The usual compression and narrowing can be used in the mixing process to make individual tracks sound fuller and more consistent in level or to prevent them from overloading the mix when searching for a desired level.Finally, the team consisting of the artists, producers and engineers in the session can now begin the cooperative process of building the mix in its final form. When the mix begins to take its form, signal processors, such as effects like reverb and echo, can be added to shape the ambience of the recording in order to help blend with instruments and give a more live feeling to the mix. Its very important for levels to be as consistent as possible surrounded by the various takes. Very often, good judgment is needed to monitor compatible listening levels on speakers or headphones.The reasoning behind this proficiency is due to the variations in human ear frequency response at different sound pressure level will result in inconsistencies between song balances. Once the final mix is made, the engineer will listen to the mix over different speaker systems for flaws that may have been missed. Making copies of the final mix and send them out to the producer and artists to listen to is also an ideal way to discover any changes that may be necessary before sending out the final mix to the mastering engineer. know is the process that uses specialized high quality audio gear together with one or more sets of faultfinding ears to help artists and producers attain the desired sound. This has to be done before the recording is made into a finished product. Bob Katz, author of Mastering Audio states that, Mastering is the last creative step in the audio production process, the bridge between mixing and distribution (Katz, 13). It is the last opportunity to enhance sound or repair problems within a studio under an audio microscopic spectrum.Once the final mix is completed, the edited mix down project is sent to the mastering engineers who then fine-tune the overall project. These engineers lend their well-trained ears to help determine what can go wrong technically or aesthetically. With this in mind, mastering too can be considered a techno-artistic field when applying the rules that one mastering engineer can have a different approach to the sound and overall feel of the project than a different engineer. Masterin g can have an important impact on the final project and the assignment of finding the right engineer should neer be taken lightly.At times, the mastering engineer may not need to adjust the final mix at all and just give the track the seal of approvable for press. Most of the time, however, the engineer still aids the producer in the track they could not get right during the mix down process by adding their final touch to it. With the audio industrys constant evolution due to new artists, technologies and recording techniques, labels and production companies are constantly seeking the service of professionally trained engineers.The importance of audio engineers in the hypercompetitive world of entertainment will only increase as new media become more prevalent. Whether its recording tracks at the beginning of the project, assembling and implementing sound effects during the mixing process, or finalizing the project to a desired standard, the audio engineer will continue to be an in tegral member in the creation of mass distributed records.

Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation Essay

AbstractCBSE has introduced consecutive and spatiotemporal Evaluation (CCE) in standard IX and X from 2009. CCE refers to remains of schoolhouse based military rating of a educatee that c everywheres solely aspects of a student development. It emphasizes continuity in evaluation and assessment of capacious based nurture and behavioural outcomes on the other. Effectiveness of CCE depends on teachers supreme perspectives towards it. Hence, this paper studies the bearing of tender science teachers towards CCE at vicarious coil level in relation to their gender, argona and training experience. The content was descriptive in genius. An Attitude Scale towards CCE developed by tec, having forty items was administered to the respondents to determine the subjects position towards CCE. All the kindly science teachers, teaching at secondary level in West District of Sikkim constituted the creation of the study. Fifty mixer science teacher comprising male and female, coars e and urban and less than and to a higher place 8 years of experience were selected as a sample of the study.Two to four favorable science teachers were selected at random from the sampled institutions. Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test, Quartile Deviation were applied to measure and compargon the stead of loving science teachers towards CCE. The epitome of the data revealed that the majority of the kindly science teachers possess positive place towards CCE. It was found that in that respect was no significant dissimilarity in attitude towards CCE amid the female and male social science teachers. teacher working in homespun secondary schools were found said(prenominal) attitude towards CCE as compared to the teachers working in urban schools. It uncovered the fact that the teachers having less than eight years of experience are equally pull and possess positive attitude towards CCE as compared to the teachers having to a greater accomplishment thaneight years of experi ence. The in- depth qualitative study should be conducted to investigate varying affecting attitude of social science teachers at secondary level. primal words Attitude, social science teachers, constant and extensive evaluation, secondary level.INTRODUCTIONThe main drive of culture is to bring holistic development in the student. Through knowledge all individuals can achieve immenseness and become responsible and productive citizens. Since time immemorial lots of efforts pee been given to impart tone educational activity to the younger generation considering them as nation assets that outcomes were always remain questionable. body gave more impetus for transmitting the culture but less importance on downstairsstanding the need of learner. System emphasizes more on cognitive development of the learner, but for any student to fulfil his her potential, timely and befitting assessment is even more imperative as entirely after this is done can ripe guidance be given on how to move forward, improve, develop different facets of personality, polish rough edges, trough the finished product emerges like crystals. Comprehensive, proper and timely assessment is lacking in todays system which values and indeed glorifies attainment by rote.Keeping in view of need of attribute education, recently new-made initiative has been done in the field of evaluation, focussing to decrease the accumulated melodic phrase of board exams on the students and to introduce a more uniform and encyclopedic pattern in education for the children all over the nation. Concept of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is a process of determining the extent to which the objectives are achieved. It is non only concerned with the appraisal of achievement, but alike with its improvement. As testing, evaluation is to a fault concerned with identification of learning experiences and educative environment to produce changes in the learners behaviour. It involves information ga thering, information processing, judgment forming, and decision-making.Effective implementation of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is depending on teachers attitudes as they are the key person in the transmission and implementation of the system. Teacher is instrumental for better assessment of the students. He is required to have a higher degree of delight to accept the innovation in education beca put on of changing circumstances. A good teacher is expected to be committed to his work and have the cleverness to divvy up the initiative (Sparks, 1979). The teachers did non know anything about the preparation of the blue print they were too ignorant about the objectives of unit wise teaching (Tewari 1975) shows their unfavourable attitude towards teaching and evaluation.As Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation is the new initiatives in education substantial majority of the teachers seemed to think that it promoted creativity, analytical office, regularity and argume nt over the subjects by students, teachers responded positively to the continuous evaluation system (.Rao and Bharathi, 1989). Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation modify teacher and students to make judgments about the work undertaken to identify their knowledge, attitudes and skills, and to understand the changes that have occurred in these and to increase their ability to assess their learning and performance. CCE not only helps in awarding grades and certificates but also helps teachers to diagnosis learning difficulty of the learner.Continuous evaluation would help the subject teachers to diagnose the deficiencies in their students so that they could adopt distract corrective measures at the usurp time (Rao, 1982). CCE helps to teacher to ascertain the learning difficulties among the learner but it depends on their ability and attitude to use different types of tools and techniques. (Thangamani, 1989) found the teachers working in Madurai city higher secondary schools pos itive attitude towards oral examination as a diagnostic device.Continuity of assessment from the inaugural day of school is the prime motive of CCE rather than sole depend on summative evaluation. formal evaluation system was emphasized on summative evaluation only. Traditional evaluation system facilitates more rote learning, classify of schoolchilds based on division and marks rather than creativity, social and emotional development. Whereas, CCE (Pareek, P.L. 1986) project does not like examination seek to classifythe pupils into classes or divisions but aims essentially at their comprehensive improvement or development. Assessment is done from time to time with the aim of discovering the extent of their progress, their strengths and weaknesses and then to take on that basis necessary steps to bring about the desired growth.This plan promotes healthy student teacher parent relationship by giving them continuous and necessary feedback at frequent intervals to both(prenomin al) teachers and parents. Peoples attitudes towards new approach have an effect on implementation. It is also valid for new approach of evaluation system i.e., Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. The musical note of education is directly related to quality of evaluation. Teacher is expected to not only to master the subject and various methods of teaching but also to show that he is fitting of selecting the various study materials according to the teaching goals and varied group of pupils. He also possesses the potentials to create a learning environment for the students (Vermont and Verschaffel, 2000. The success of a curriculum depends on its trans actional strategies and the skills of teachers in reading to students (Pandey, 2000).They have to plan how to arrange remedial teaching for low and slow achievers to bring them on an equal footing with their peers. The teachers are required to use the educational technology to the maximum and continuous and comprehensive evaluati on frequently. CCE implies not only a change in evaluation practices in the classroom but also a paradigm shift in the autonomy and responsibility of teachers. Teachers are supposed to modify him/ her with the latest knowledge to cope up with the need of the time. Teachers lack of sense of responsibility and unfavourable attitude cannot bring any changes in evaluation system which was found (Rao Manjula, 1998 2001 2002) that Evaluation practices carried out in schools are still conventional in their nature and purposes. The personal and social qualities are totally ignored ascribable to lack of awareness of what to be evaluated and how to evaluate. Assessment of wrong things or the same range of things too oftentimes is carried out. One doesnt get a fair and realistic picture of what students have actually mastered. (Smita, 2002)CCE demands that the teacher should change her strategies on the basis of the outcomes continuously and tailor them to the needs of individual children. The principal and the teachers should develop an action plan indicating the scheme of evaluation, identifying the task and role ofdifferent activities and their time schedule, mode of implementation and feedback mechanism along with remediation strategies (Rajput and Kumar, 2003). Unfavourable attitude of teachers towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation can make the effect of scheme more badly than the conventional evaluation system. (Rao and Rao, 2008) the teachers were found to be recording mechanically by entirely putting tick against each student to satisfy the supervising and inspecting authorities. Without the dedication and positive attitude towards the CCE the aim of the scheme can not be accomplished.NEED OF THE STUDYContinuous and comprehensive evaluation necessitates the use of multiple evaluation techniques and tools in addition to certain conventional ones. This is required because different specific areas of pupil growth need different types of evaluation thro ugh certain techniques. The teacher has to select the most appropriate technique for a situation and develop the necessary tools for the same, and decide upon the periodicity and timing of evaluation. As a social science teacher, he/she should have Knowledge and ability to construct assessment tools that are touchstone based appropriate for assessing the competencies. Social science teacher at secondary level are dealings with the adolescence learner so they are expected to require knowledge, skills of evaluation, commitment, and assistance to fork up remedial teaching.Teacher should have favourable attitude to use new innovation in evaluation system. This study therefore seeks to provide some insight into the attitude of social science teachers from some randomly selected secondary and senior secondary schools in West District of Sikkim towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. The study was delimited to West District and only Government schools of Sikkim.ObjectivesThe ob jectives of the study were1. To study the attitude of Secondary Social Science Teachers towards the CCE, 2. To study the unlikeness among male and female Secondary Social Science teachers attitude towards CCE, 3. To study the difference between rural and urban Secondary Social Science teachers attitude towards CCE and 4. To study the difference in teachers attitude towards CCE between the teachers having more than and less than 8 years of teaching experience.Research Questions /HypothesisThe research question and hypotheses were1. Whether there is any attitudinal variation among the secondary social science school teachers towards CCE? 2. on that point exists no significant difference in attitudinal score between male and female teachers towards CCE. 3. There exists no significant difference in attitudinal between urban and rural social science teachers towards CCE 4. There exists no significant difference in attitudinal score between social science teachers having less than and preceding(prenominal) eight years of experience towards CCE. mannerThe present study was undertaken using the survey method.SAMPLEThe investigator selected about 50 secondary social science teachers from the secondary and senior secondary schools of west district, Sikkim on random selection basis as the target group of the study. The distribution of the sample selected for the study were twenty vii female and twenty ternion male social science teachers of which only twelve were from urban schools and thirty eight were from rural school again from the same sample twenty three teachers were having less than eight years and twenty seven were having above eight years of teaching experience.TOOLSIn the study of attitude, the investigator constructed the attitude scale for assessing the attitudes of social science teachers towards CCE at secondary level. There were forty statements in the scale having thirty three positive and seven negative statements. It was constructed in five point scale ranging from Strongly Agree, Agree, Undecided, Disagree and Strongly Disagree. uttermost weightage to each statement was five. So, the maximum score of the scale was 200 and minimum was 40.DATA COLLECTION investigator personally contacted all the respondents and administered attitude scale to collect the data. Clear instructions were prepared for the respondents. They were betokened to go through the general instructions first and then to respond. The respondents were asked to decide about their agreement with the statements and mark the pertinent response honestly on the given space. Attitude scale and personal information sheet were distributed to subjects with the request to complete and return it as soon as possible. The measurement of attitudes of these groups and the comparisons therefore were undertaken to find out the differences in the attitude of different groups. The comparison were aimed at locating the differences in the attitude towards CCE affected by the va riable a) gender, b) the area of residence rural and urban , and c) teaching experience- less than and more than eight years of teaching experience.STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES AND PROCEDURE OF ANALYSISThe investigator used Quartile Deviation to find out the total attitude score of the subjects and t test to make comparisons between the variable like male female, urban rural and below eight years above eight years of teaching experience.Research Question-1Whether there is any attitudinal variation among the secondary social science school teachers towards CCE?For the analysis of Research Question 1 Investigator categorized the score with quartile deviation. Categorizations are as follows Score up to 145 = Marginal attitude, 145-159 = dull attitude and above 159 = highly favourable attitude. Result found that 24% fall under marginal attitude, 52% moderate attitude and 24% highly favourable attitude.Hypothesis-2There exists no significant difference in attitudinal score between male and fe male teachers towards CCE. To establish if teachers gender has regularizeon their attitude towards CCE at secondary level the t-test statistics was utilized to test the hypothesis as shown Table II below.Table 1 show that the calculated tvalue 0.62 is less than the tiny value 2.01 at 0.05 level of significance. This indicates that the difference in the attitudes of Male and Female Teachers towards CCE is not significant hence Ho is accepted. It revealed that male and female social science teachers are having equally positive attitude towards continuous and comprehensive evaluation. There is no influence of sex on the attitude of social science teachers towards CCE.Hpothesis-3There exists no significant difference in attitudinal score between urban and rural social science teachers towards CCE.Table 2 shows that the calculated tvalue 0.77 is less than the critical value 2.01 at 0.05 alpha level of significance. This indicates that the difference in the attitudes of urban and Rural Teachers towards CCE is not significant hence Ho is accepted. It revealed that social science teachers from urban schools are having same attitudes towards CCE as rural school social science teachers possess. Further, it can be said that on the basis of location of school attitudes of teachers can not be influence and make differences towards continuous and comprehensive evaluation.Hypothesis-4There exists no significant difference in attitudinal score between social science teachers having less than and above eight years of experience towards CCE.Table 3 Shows that the calculated tvalue 0.63 is less than the critical value 2.01 at 0.05 alpha level of significance. This indicates that the difference in the attitudes of social science teachers having less than and above eight years of teaching experience towards CCE is not significant hence Ho is accepted. It revealed that experience is not the factor to make attitudinal difference towards continuous and comprehensive evaluation but teachers enthusiasm, interest may make the difference. Further, it can be said that experienced teachers and fresh teachers are equally capable to make CCE successful and should be given equal responsibility to carry out the task.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONSThe event of the study revealed that the proportion of Social Science teachers who had scored above 159 out of 200 points was 24%, 145-159 was 52 % and 120-144 was 24%. . This indicates that 24% social science teachers attitude were highly favourable attitude, 52% teachers moderate positive and 24 % teachers marginal positive. Teachers attitudes have important implication for powerful implementation of CCE in the school. In the area of CCE plenty of researches are not available in general and attitude of secondary social science teachers towards in CCE in particular. Few research like Rao and Bharati (1989) found positive attitude of teachers towards continuous evaluation system. It was observed that majority of teachers seemed t o think that it promoted creativity, analytical ability, regularityand command over the subjects by students. Similarly, in the study of Thangamani (1989) teachers showed positive attitude towards oral examination as a diagnostic device, this also comes under the purview of present CCE but it was not launched at that time.The effectiveness of CCE implementation depends on teachers positive attitude and awareness towards it. Rajput and Kumar (2003) also opined the need of orientation for teachers in the conceptual and practical aspects of scheme to give them defecate understanding as to how to go about the CCE. Present study reveals that, teachers possess positive attitudes towards CCE. It was found by Rao and Rao (2008) that primary school teachers were not doing continuous assessment systematically, not identifying the learning difficulties and remedial instruction was not provided. It also revealed that teachers were recording against the each students performance and activities just to satisfy the supervising and inspecting authority. such(prenominal) findings about the teachers were probably receivable to lack of awareness about CCE among the teachers as it was not implemented in all areas. Rao Manjula (2002) also found evaluation practices carried out in schools were still conventional in their nature and purposes in those schools were teachers are not trained in in-service programmes.In concluding, it would seem that positive attitude of social teachers towards Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation was probably due to proper in-service training. In some of the studies it was found that attitude was not positive due to lack of training, awareness and significance about CCE. Present study also found social science teachers attitude not influenced by gender, area and teaching experience, which probably due to large scale awareness programme in Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation and in-service training to all the teachers without any criteria of gen der, experience and area of school. Further, in-depth qualitative study on teachers attitude towards CCE and its effect on effective implementation are essential to unveil the truth.References1. Agrawal, M. (2000) Towards Quality school through Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation. daybook of Indian Education xxvi, 2, 1-12 August. 2. Bhattacharjee, A. & Sharma, N. (2010). Status of co-scholastic activities in the school programme of the elementary schools. Journal of all India affiliation for educational research 22, 1, 61-65, June.3. Government of India (1986) National Policy on Education, MHRD, Department of Education, recent Delhi.4. Green, L. W. & Kreuter, M. M. (1991). 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